Epidemiological Characterization of Breast Cancer in Emilio Daudinot Bueno Polyclinic of Guantánamo Municipality

Abstract

Introduction: Every year, there are more than 462,000 new cases and almost 100,000 deaths due to breast cancer in the region.

Objective: To describe the epidemiological aspects of breast cancer in the female population of Emilio Daudinot Bueno Polyclinic.

Methods: A descriptive and retrospective research was carried out in Guantánamo Municipality in the period from January 2014 to December 2019. The universe was made up of all the women belonging to Emilio Daudinot Bueno Polyclinic with a clinical and anatomopathological diagnosis of breast cancer (N=83). To obtain the information, a questionnaire was applied, whose variables included demographic data, risk factors, as well as elements related to nutritional status and toxic habits. Descriptive statistics were used to process the information, using summary measures for qualitative variables (absolute frequencies and percentages) and for quantitative variables (average).

Results: The predominant age group was between 50 and 60 years, with an average age of 42.5 years. There was also a predominance of patients with overweight [n=41], followed by obese patients. The most identified risk factor was not breastfeeding, while the most prevalent toxic habit was animal fat consumption.

Conclusions: Overweight women, high animal fat consumption and family history of breast cancer, together with nulliparity and not having breastfed, accounts for a higher probability of developing breast cancer, and even more so at ages between 50 and 60 years.