Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Management of Heat Stroke

Abstract

Introduction: Heat stroke is a disease described more than 2000 years ago; however, the climatic changes that have occurred in recent decades have allowed an increase in its prevalence. It is considered a complex entity in which there is an important compromise of body thermoregulation and, consequently, of the rest of the systems.

Objectives: To define important concepts concerning heat stroke, risk factors, clinical presentation and repercussions on the different systems, as well as to guide an appropriate and optimal management.

Methods: A review of the scientific literature about people with heat stroke was carried out to assess its associated factors, diagnostic methods and therapeutic management. A literature search was performed in the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, DOAJ, Embase, Cochrane, Bireme, Redalyc, and SciELO.

Conclusions: Heat stroke is a medical emergency that requires rapid and optimal management given its morbidity and mortality, which can be minimized if management goals are met. Cooling by immersion into ice water, convection or evaporation are the most commonly used measures. Avoidance of multiorgan failure is the second therapeutic objective.