Congenital Defects and their Risk Factors Associated to Maternal Age
Keywords:
congenital defects, risk factors, maternal age.Abstract
Introduction: Congenital defects are alterations of human anatomy or organism functioning, which can be of genetic, environmental, nutritional or toxic cause.
Objective: To determine congenital defects and their risk factors associated with maternal age.
Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out in the health area of Cacocum Municipality, Holguin, in the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022. The study universe was constituted by 1162 pregnant women attended and the sample, obtained by nonprobabilistic intentional sampling, by 62 pregnant women whose fetuses presented congenital defect. The variables studied were maternal age, type of congenital defect and risk factors.
Results: There was an average of 10 congenital defects per year; in addition, there was a predominance of the maternal age group 19-34 years. The predominant type of congenital defect was of cardiovascular type, followed by neurological defects; both appeared in the maternal age group 19-34 years, with a statistically significant relationship between both study variables. The predominant risk factor was the presence of teratogens, with no significant relationship with respect to maternal age.
Conclusions: Maternal age influences the development of cardiovascular birth defects in relation to teratogens.
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